Aliases

• APOB
• Apo B-100
• Apo B-48
• ApoB-100
• ApoB-48
• Apolipoprotein B
• Apolipoprotein B-100
• Apolipoprotein B-48
• Apolipoprotein B48
• Apolipoproteins (Apo) B
• FCHL2
• FLDB
• LDLCQ4
• apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen)

Description

APOB, a secreted glycoprotein, is the main apolipoprotein of chylomicrons (apo B-48), LDL (apo B-100) and VLDL (apo B-100). It occurs in plasma as two main isoforms, apoB-48 and apoB-100: the former is synthesized exclusively in the gut and the latter in the liver. Apo B-100 functions as a recognition signal for the cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles by the apoB/E receptor. The intestinal and the hepatic forms of apoB are encoded by a single gene from a single, very long mRNA. The two isoforms share a common N-terminal sequence. The shorter apoB-48 protein is produced after RNA editing of the apoB-100 transcript at residue 2180 (CAA->UAA), resulting in the creation of a stop codon, and early translation termination. Mutations in this gene or its regulatory region cause hypobetalipoproteinemia, normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia, and hypercholesterolemia due to ligand-defective apoB, diseases affecting plasma cholesterol and apoB levels. APOB is up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection.

Attributes

QA State

Under Review

Type

Protein

HGNC Name

APOB