Benchmarking proprietary and open-source language and vision-language models for gastroenterology clinical reasoning.

Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) in gastroenterology. We used board-style multiple-choice questions to assess the performance of both proprietary and open-source LLMs and VLMs-including GPT, Claude, Gemini, Mistral, Llama, Mixtral, Phi, and Qwen, across different interfaces, computing environments, and levels of compression (quantization). Among the proprietary models, o1-preview (82.0%) and Claude3.5-Sonnet (74.0%) had the highest accuracy, outperforming the top open-source models: Llama3.3-70b (65.7%) and Qwen-2.5-72b (61.0%). Among the small quantized open-source models, the 8-bit Llama 3.2-11b (51.7%) and 6-bit Phi3-14b (48.7%) performed the best, with scores comparable to their full-precision counterparts. Notably, VLM accuracy on image-containing questions improved (~10%) when given human-generated captions, remained unchanged with original images, and declined with LLM-generated captions. Further research is warranted to evaluate model capabilities in real-world clinical decision-making scenarios.

EDRN PI Authors
Medline Author List
  • Al Shabeeb R
  • Ali S
  • Babar S
  • Echavarria J
  • El Kurdi B
  • Ladak F
  • Margolis S
  • Nadkarni G
  • Rafiee S
  • Safavi-Naini SAA
  • Samaan JS
  • Savage T
  • Shahab O
  • Shahhoseini Z
  • Shaukat A
  • Soroush A
  • Tatonetti NP
  • Yang JO
PubMed ID
Appears In
NPJ Digit Med, 2025 Nov (issue 1)