KLK4
- Aliases
-
- EMSP1
- Enamel matrix serine proteinase 1
- Human kallikrein 4
- KLK-L1
- KLK4
- Kallikrein-4
- Kallikrein-like protein 1
- PRSS17
- PSTS
- Prostase
- Serine protease 17
- hK4
- Description
- The glandular kallikreins are a distinct group of serine proteases with molecular masses of 25,000 to 40,000. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Several human kallikrein genes have been isolated. hK4 is expressed in the prostate.
Attributes
- QA State
- Accepted
- Type
- Protein
- HGNC Name
- KLK4
- Certifications
-
- None
- QA State for Prostate
- Accepted
Organ-Specific Notes
Kallikreins (KLKs) are highly conserved serine proteases that play key roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. KLK4 is regulated by androgens and is highly specific to prostate for expression. hK4 is intracellularly localized. KLK4 is predominantly expressed in the basal cells of the normal prostate gland and overexpressed in prostate cancer. hK4 has a unique structure and function compared with other members of the KLK family and may have a role in the biology and characterization of prostate cancer.
Performance Comment
hK2, hK4 and hK11 do not distinguish cases from controls in these populations.
Supporting Study Data
PCA3 Reference Set Application: Arul Chinnaiyan (2020)
Study phase on the prostate: None
No description of this protocol is available.
View ProtocolDecision rule: No decision rule specified.
Prostate Rapid Pre-Validation Set
Study phase on the prostate: 2
Determine which markers move to validation using the prospectie prostate reference set samples.
View ProtocolDecision rule: No clinically useful decision rule found.
Prostate Rapid Reference Set Application: Brian Haab - Van Andel (2006)
Study phase on the prostate: 2
No description of this protocol is available.
View ProtocolDecision rule: No decision rule specified.
Prostate Rapid Reference Set Application: Eleftherios Diamandis - Mt Sinai (2006)
Study phase on the prostate: 2
No description of this protocol is available.
View ProtocolDecision rule: No clinically useful decision rule found.
Prostate Reference Set Application: proPSA-Dan Chan-JHU (2008)
Study phase on the prostate: 2
see Publication
View ProtocolDecision rule: No decision rule specified.
Prostate-Specific Protocols
- No organ-level protocols specified for prostate.
Prostate-Specific Publications
- No organ-level publications were listed for prostate.
Prostate-Specific Resources
- No organ-level resources were given for prostate.
- Compartmentalized expression of kallikrein 4 (KLK4/hK4) isoforms in prostate cancer: nuclear, cytoplasmic and secreted forms.
- Kallikrein 4 is a predominantly nuclear protein and is overexpressed in prostate cancer.
- [-2]proenzyme prostate specific antigen for prostate cancer detection: a national cancer institute early detection research network validation study.
- No science data collections were specified for this biomarker.